


































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































•"v _ c * 


o V 








t\ ^ 

fj rlt. 1* 



- c> - 

♦ «7 • 

•* ■ . 

^ O^ ft ®" * ♦ *^o 

' 




. ^ V 

>* 

♦ ^ - 
’ / .. 



® ’^rw C^ ♦ 

Vl' 9 ® 



'‘o ^ 

, A <. -'o'.';'* <0 


-.o’*^ %**'.’•’ ^o'^ -V 

'<- V 1*»• <>-» «o^ ^^*JLr^ ^ 

' ♦ ffCV SS A, "^n 

<7 ^ ♦ A V ® 



'S- "'.Vs* A <^^ ,G 



V' .-•, 'V°*^ V 

O A % 0° 

• o V • ^ ^ (y 


^0^ . 

^li.r)»i^'^ ^ V ♦ 

4 <> *“ 

^ ^ ♦* 



• A '^rv •* 

♦ «7 '^ • 

* V ' 


^ 'o . * '» .0 

\ C° .l^>. '^o 

"■'u o« : 




* 

• cy o 

o w o ^ ^ O^ 

• • V^ s * • «. '^ 




♦- 



>,*1 Q>v 



♦ a 7 • 

<j- '»•'** V A 

4l^^ ^ 0^ O ® ♦ A^ 

■• "^ov^ .'i^^’- oV-^ICk'. ^_.-4:^ 


*7^ ^ 


<A» ^ 



V'--v® V'‘- 



o ^ 

* o 

»’ y °4- * 

^ ►:4.'i'. >•' .• 

^ A^ * A,** '^n A ♦ 














"O # A • 






^ >1 

\ ^ ^/ff 7 Pp‘> ^ ^ ^ 

^ 0 ^ 


• .V V 

li*. aP > 

•e.- .& ♦: 


'o. .* .&^ % ^ . 

C • O *_ /yOnJr -9 *P 







a - 0 ^ ® 


0 9 k** . 0 ^ ^ 

. 0 ^ .o--* ^o 



-'o.*'* 0 ^ ^ 

.or 

0 ^ . 


♦ IS 25 » ^ ^ 4 - 

^ O « » . O ♦ . , n * .0 



O A <> ‘'o.** G 

» ^ « 

. -. -,^n-»<^-. ’^° • 

♦ 0 <^,^ O 0 

" '''^ ^ <X^ O *•,■!• ^0 

ON© . ^ '-^ O ,^ 

<> , f • O^ 

iV '*^i^.r>wcjv ♦ V ^ ^ ^ 

\r 




• ^ ♦- 


“ v° <ir 

X* 

fi. '*^C3r^ * <L 1^ O 

A- V -'o«o- c 


: - 
■»> A • 

4 ^ 





\0 * 7 ^ * 

•- ^^x//u<^ ' ^ "!« 

o_ -^uv ^ 0 ^ 

• # 1 A< 




V^ .>''*®- o. < 0 ^ ^L!oL'^ 

' 'm^K\ ' 











































ADDRESS 


DELIVERED AT 


McSHERRYSVILLE, LOWER CHANCEFORD TWP. 
YORK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, 


ON THE 


FOURTH DAY OF JULY, 1865, 


BY 


THOMAS E. COCHRAN. 

h 


rUBLlSIlED AT THE REQUEST OF THE COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. 


LANCASTER, PA.: 

PEARSOL & GEIST, PRINTERS, DAILY EXPRESS OFFICE. 

1865. 




CORRESPONDENCE. 


Lower Chanceford, July4tli, 1865. 

Tnos, E. Cochran, Esq.— 

Dear Sir: The undersigned Committee of Arrangement for the cel¬ 
ebration of the National Anniversary at Me Slier rysville to-day, request 
for publication, a copy of the address delivered by j^ou on the occasion. 
Very respectfully, 


John Smith, 

J. A. Livingston, 

E. P. Skelton, 

J. A. Stewart, 

Z. H. Dougherty, 
Stephen McKinley, 
W. G. Ross, 

Nelson Gilgore, 
Wm. Wallace, 
Joseph Morgan, 
Robt. Smith, 

J. C. Fulton, 

John Bair, 


E. W. Myers, 

F. Manifold, 
John Shaub, 
David Colgan, 
Isaac Stewart, 

R. J. McCollum, 
W. R. Thompson, 
Joseph Pierce, 
A. C. Manifold, 

J. Bowman, 

Alex. Wilson, 

S. M. Pedan, 
Harry Keyser, 
Aaron Rambo. 


York, July 6th, 1865. 

To. Messrs. John Smith, J. A. Livingston, E. W. Myers, M. D., 
F. Manifold, and others. Committee, &c.— 

Genilemen : In compliance with the request contained in your letter 
of the 4tli inst, I present a copy of the address which I had the pleas¬ 
ure of making at McSherrysville, on the occasion of the Celebra¬ 
tion of the Eighty-ninth Anniversary of the Declaration of Indepen¬ 
dence. Very Respectfully, 



t •<£> 


THOS. E. COCHRAN. 




ADDRESS. 


& _ 

Seventeen tm-ndred and seventy-six and eighteen hundred 
and sixty-five! The eighty-nine years which have inter¬ 
vened between these dates include the History of Ameri¬ 
can Republican Liberty, so far as the record has been written 
out, and deposited in the archives of Time. There are even 
now men living, whose eyes behold the light of that day in 
which the old bell in Independence Hall rang out on the 
startled air, to an anxious people and astonished world, to 
proclaim Liberty throughout all the land to all the inhabi¬ 
tants thereof’’—that grand principle announced by the great 
law-giver thousands of years before to the wandering tribes 
of Israel in the Wilderness, and stamped with prophetic, 
though unconscious, inspiration upon the rim of that bell, 
when it was cast under a monarch’s rule. And what a his¬ 
tory do those eighty-nine years of independent national life 
record ! What gigantic and unprecedented increase in popu¬ 
lation—three millions multiplied more than tenfold in less 
than a century! and that population, then confined and 
sparsely scattered on the narrow Atlantic slope, climbing the 
spinal ridge of the Alleghenies—filling the Mississippi valle)’— 
penetrating the passes and scaling the crests of the Rocky 
Mountains, and pouring its unebbing floods upon the shores 
of the great Pacific, where the golden gate gives exit to the 
precious metals imbedded in the bosoms of Nevada and Cal¬ 
ifornia, and the Oregon no longer flows through solitary ways, 
but sees a teeming population settled on his banks. From 
almost the line of the frigid to that of the torrid zone, enclos¬ 
ing from North to South in its limits the great Northern 
Temperate belt of the globe, in soil and climate and produc¬ 
tive power, that which is most favorable and congenial to hu¬ 
man life, and most prolific of those things which are neces¬ 
sary to the support of man, and grateful to his taste, and 



4 


ADDRESS. 


enclosing from east to west the entire breadth of a continent 
washed on either shore by the two great oceans of the world, 
the jurisdiction and dominion of (he United States of Amer¬ 
ica, published and declared free and independent, and ab¬ 
solved from all allegiance to the British Crown” by their re¬ 
presentatives in Congress assembled on the Fourth Day ol July, 
1776, extend with unquestioned ri^ht and authority and one 
national banner—the grand old flag of stripes and stars, which 
was borne triumphantly through the contest to sustain that 
declaration against British oppression and resistance, and has 
repelled and vanquished the parricidal assaults of domestic 
treason, waves without a competitor or a rival, announcing 
that all this land is still one country—that one Constitution 
guides and one Government rules the whole, and that (he 
American people are one people, and the American Union, 
firm and unbroken, 

“ Spreads undivided, operates unspent,” 
over the entire territory which under Washington was gained 
for Freedom, and under Lincoln rescued from destruction. 
During this period, too, what vast improvements have taken 
place in all the arts and sciences ! The bridle-path and pack- 
horse have been superseded by the rail-way and the locomo¬ 
tive engine—the canoe and batteau by the steamboat, and the 
thrill of electricity, passing along the conducting wire, conveys 
thought from mind to mind with instantaneous transmission. 

The forest has fallen before the Avoodman’s axe, and smil¬ 
ing fields yield their teeming harvests. The rolling floods 
have been bridged and held back in their channels by arti¬ 
ficial structures, so that it no longer requires a miracle to enable 
us to cross rivers dry-shod, and the wild, impetuous waters 
have labored, like diligent servants, in turning the wheels of 
mill and factory, or bearing the burdened boats on their slug¬ 
gish progress through the slow canal. New discoveries of mate¬ 
rial wealth have been made from time to time, as by Providen¬ 
tial arrangement, when the needs and exigencies of the nation 
seemed especially to require them ; and while California from 
her veins of quartz has sent a golden flood over the land, 
the broken sandstone rocks of Pennsylvania, in the midst of 
a desolating and exhausting internecine conflict, have poured 
out from their deep reservoirs, apparently exhaustless treasures 


ADDRESS. 


5 


of oil, to increase the national wealth and lighten the burdens 
of the people. Wherever the waste has been subdued, and 
new settlements established, the church and school house 
have risen amid the stumps and girdled trees of the clearing, 
and education and religion have brought their stores of in¬ 
struction—the consolations of faith and the hope of immor¬ 
tality to enlarge the intellect, and elevate the soul of the hardy 
pioneer. Thus society has been organized with all the aids 
of civilization and Christianity; and the people, at once the 
confreres and the controllers of delegated political power, 
have been qualified for the discharge of the high duties and 
prerogatives of citizenship and sovereignty. 

Such are some of the results of eighty-nine years of na¬ 
tional independence and regulated republican freedom. We 
meet to celebrate the anniversary of our nation’s birth this 
day, under circumstances of special interest, which justify the 
most impressive demonstrations of popular joy and jubilee, 
and at the same time call for serious thought and considera¬ 
tion by every human being who dwells under the aegis of 
our Government, and the folds of that flag which has been 
made by recent events more than ever the object of our love 
and pride, as it is the symbol of strengthened, established 
and exalted national power and glory. For four years the 
sun of the Fourth of July has risen with ensanguined disc 
upon a nation rent with internal strife, and baptized in the 
blood of fiercely struggling combatants, who ought to have 
been brethren, but were, by the acts of wickedly ambitious 
men, arrayed as enemies. In 1861, the loyal people of the 
Union had been smitten by a blow which jarred every nerve, 
when treason fired its hostile guns upon a national ship bear¬ 
ing the ensign of the Republio, and against a fortress defend¬ 
ed by national troops and over which waved the folds of the 
same star-gemmed banner, which had braved the battle and 
the breeze” at Saratoga and Germantown, at Guilford and 
Yorktown, at Lundy Lane and New Orleans, and been un¬ 
folded, amid the acclamations of victory, from the turrets of 
the lake-girdled capital of Mexico. They rose in their agony 
to punish the proud and treacherous aggressors—to protect 
the Capital from their insults, and vindicate the rightful au¬ 
thority of the Government. The smiling pursuits of Peace 


ADDRESS. 


() 

were abandoned—the bloody strife of war was reluctantly, 
but resolutely, accepted as a hard necessity—home, and wife, 
and children, parent and sister, gave up head and husband, 
and father, son and brother, to the service of their country; 
and the stupendous conflict which for four years shook a con¬ 
tinent and arrested the attention of a world, commenced in 
disaster to the national cause, and success to the insurgents, 
who obtained recognition as belligerents from European 
powers who believed, and rejoiced in believing, that this great 
Western Republic, which had caused them so much trouble 
and uneasiness by awaking their subjects to some perception 
of, and effort after the possession of their inalienable rights as 
men, and by putting in peril the security of thrones which 
had more than once been temporarily toppled over, was now 
to follow and share the fat€ of all its predecessors in ancient 
and modern times, and that history was to close its record 
with the words—the United States of America were; but 
their people were unequal to the work of vindicating their 
own ability to govern themselves and possess a country, and 
in little more than four-score years, their Union and Govern¬ 
ment fell to pieces, and anarchy usurped the seat of order, 
until at last the tyrant came, and the iron sceptre of 
despotism crushed out, as always heretofore, the life of 
Liberty. It is one of our chief causes of congratulation 
this day, that these expectations of the enemies of human 
rights have been disappointed, and we can exclaim now, 
as a noble British poet exclaimed more than forty years 
ago, when the liberties of European peoples were trodden 
under the feet of the “Holy Alliance” of absolute 
monarchs. 

Still one great clime, in full and free defiance, 

Yet rears her crest unconqiiered and sublime, 

Above the far Atlantic.” 

The Anniversary of 1862 dawned upon the nation, strug¬ 
gling as some strong swimmer with the surging wave, 
against a Rebellion, whose power was not only unbroken, but 
consolidated—with no progress made towards the re-estab¬ 
lishment of the National authority—with the best appointed 
army ever organized and equipped by the Government, 
foiled in its advance upon the seat of the usurpation, lying 


ADDRESS. 


7 


paralyzed at Harrison’s Landing on the James River, and 
a call coming from the President upon the people to supply 
him with yet 300,000 more men, to retrieve the fortunes of 
the war and restore the imperilled Union. Non-success had, 
as always, given courage to the spirit of faction, which for a 
time had been silenced and daunted before the majestic up¬ 
rising of a great people, to maintain and rescue from felon 
hands all that was most precious to them as citizens of a 
free country, and sons|)f the illustrious heroes and patriots 
of the Revolutionary age. The hiss of the serpent began to 
sibillate its treachery—its fangs, poisoned with sympathetic 
reason, were protruded against the National Administration, 
and the cry was started, that you cannot put down the rebel¬ 
lion—you must yield to its terms, and if the seceders will 
not accept carte blanche^ and write down their own condi¬ 
tions of return and rule, you must let them alone, acknow¬ 
ledge their independence, and surrender to their demands that 
unity of government which constitutes us one people,” in 
open violation of the injunction of the Father of his country 
to ^Trown indignantly upon the first dawning of every attempt 
to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to en¬ 
feeble the sacred ties which link together the various parts.” 
Nevertheless, the loyal people of the country, though un¬ 
doubtedly discouraged and depressed, and disappointed most 
grievously in the military operations, directed by a comman¬ 
der, in whose courage and conduct they had reposed the 
largest trust, would not despair of the Republic. The stake 
was too large to be forfeited—the trust too great to be surren¬ 
dered—the responsibility too solemn to be shirked or avoid¬ 
ed. Honor—Country—Liberty—Religion itself, called upon 
them, with all their sanctions, to prove their manhood, their 
fidelity, and their worthiness to enjoy the privileges to which 
they possessed; and with unshaken fortitude, if not with 
exulting enthusiasm, they moved on steadily in the faith of 
duty and patriotic devotion, neither deterred by the fury of 
the rebels in front, nor seduced by the betraying councils of 
their sympathisers on the right hand and on the left. 

Still another year wore on in doubt, if not discouragement 
with no decisive results achieved, and with varying tides o 
favoring and adverse fortune rising and ebbing over the vast 


8 


ADDRESS. 


sea of conflict. Again the Fourth of July dawned, its sl^ 
all inflamed with the fire of battle on the very soil of Penn¬ 
sylvania, and the heights of Gettysburg yet reeling under 
the scarcely intermitted roar of twice four hundred pieces of 
artillery, and wrapped in the volumes of that dense smoke 
of conflict, which enfolded the bodies of thousands slain, 
and tens of thousands wounded, bleeding and dying in that 
terrific three days struggle and carnage, when twice one hun¬ 
dred thousand men contended for the mastery, and liberty 
and treason submitted their cause to the red arbitrament of 
war—the servant of Him, who, sitting high in the Heavens, 
rules amid his armies there, and controls and determines the 
fate of nations on the earth. Then by His benignant bless¬ 
ing, the issue was decided for country and for freedom—the 
crisis of the contest was reached—the smitten hosts of invad¬ 
ing insurgents were hurled backed from the free soil and 
green fields of Pennsylvania, and ere the sun of that Nation¬ 
al Anniversary sank behind the western horizon, the voice 
of jo}^ and acclamations of triumph rose through all the res¬ 
cued land, and the people thanked God and took courage for 
the work that yet remained. Soon we heard that on that 
same illustrious day, obstinately resisting Vicksburg had 
yielded to the yet more tenacious Grant, who never yet failed 
of his purpose; Port Hudson followed, and the Father of 
Waters, from his source to its mouth, fell once more under 
the jurisdiction of the flag—bore the loyal^ fleets upon his 
mighty shoulders, and as his waves sundered the usurped 
territory of the insurgents, so he became again one of the 
strongest connecting ties of that union which embraces in its 
limit a geographical congeries of plains, and mountains and 
rivers, which constitute as truly one country in physical 
coi\formation, as language and liberty and mutual interests 
of trade and facilities of intercourse establish an unity of 
social and political relations. 

Yet again the wheel of time turned arduously on its annual 
revolution—the nation was still full of the sounds of con¬ 
flict—hecatombs of human lives were sacrificed on the 
'bloody shrine of the war demon—from Southern prison pens 
came the doleful story of prisoners systematically and of 
f purpose consigned to a regimen of starvation by their cruel 


ADDRESS. 


9 


captors, who added to the crime of treason, which corrupted 
their conciences, the infamy of a savage torture, which would 
have disgraced the Indian of the American forest—Sur Raja 
el Dorolat, at the Black Hole of Calcutta—the polished 
Frenchman, who smothered the Arab in his African cave, or 
the Christian Briton, who shot the captured Sepoy from the 
cannon’s mouth; and still Richmond stood defiant, and 
guarded treason spoke big swelling words of boastful power, 
and professed assurance of final achievement. Twelve 
months ago, Sherman had not entered the rebel fortress at 
Atlanta, nor swooped, like an eagle from its eyrie, from the 
mountains to the sea coast, pausing at Savannah, and con¬ 
tinuing his career until he rested his triumphant wing at 
Raleigh. Grant fighting it out on his chosen line, steadfast, 
immovable, like a stern, unrelenting fate, had passed through 
the scenes of carnage at the Wilderness, pressed back the 
slowly retreating Lee, within his fortified lines around the 
rebel capital, and established his own positions, where he lay 
apparently checkmated, but never to be abandoned by him, 
until the shell of the rebellion should be pierced, and its 
hollowness fully exposed. While thus the storm of war, 
like an ocean wave, ‘‘on the curl hung pausing,” the 
quadrennial political canvass for the election of the highest 
officer of tlie Government, demanded attention. The friends 
of the Union had met in Convention, and nominated the 
incumbent of the Presidential Chair for re-election, in obedi¬ 
ence to the popular will, which believed in that plain, honest, 
homely man, and adopted him as its choice, in proof of its 
unbroken purpose to overcome the resistance of treason, and 
reduce the insurrection to its repudiated allegiance to the 
Constitution and laws of the Republic. On the other hand, 
opposing faction, in full accord and after free conference with 
the rebel emissaries in the coterminous British provinces, 
with raven croak, denounced the war as a failure, and de¬ 
manded a prompt suspension of hostilities, and negotiation 
with the insurgents, which could only lead to national disin¬ 
tegration, dishonor and death. Prostituting the great cardi¬ 
nal privileges of free speech, free discussion and a free press 
to purposes of disloyalty, everywhere the Administration of 


10 


ADDRESS. 


the Government was assailed with the vilest imputations, 
and the people were plied with specious falsehoods, vain 
promises and appeals to basest passions and mercenary 
motives, while rhyme run mad and poisoned prose traduced 
the upright Chief Magistrate, with epithets justly applicable 
only to the most brutal and degraded members of the human 
species, and accusations only to be preferred against the 
bloodiest despots, or malefactors, whose doom should be the 
dungeon or the scaffold. Conspirators, bound together by 
secret oaths and bent upon the most desperate designs, to 
release the imprisoned rebels, to arm and unite with them 
all the disaffected and oath-bound Confederates, and to set on 
foot in the North an organized, and embodied host, invinci¬ 
ble by the Government, and determined on its overthrow, met 
in their midnight councils, and prepared for their deadly 
work. Thus the country stood one year ago, balanced as it 
were, on the verge of the precipice, the hideous and enor¬ 
mous monster of rebellion not yet struck in its vital part—its 
satellites in the North working earnestly for its aid and res¬ 
cue, while Imperialism and Monarchy and the privileged 
classes of the Old World still held out an encourag¬ 
ing hand, and waited with eager anxiety for the moment 
when they could fully give it all hail and welcome into the 
league and brotherhood of the oppressors of mankind. But 
neither overt treason, covert disloyalty, nor alien intrigue, nor 
all combined, succeeded in debauching the virtue, blinding 
the judgment, or turning aside the patriotic purpose and de¬ 
termination of the American people. Sustained and inspir¬ 
ed by that Almighty Being, who had led them by a way they 
knew not of to the emancipation of the long-suffering slave,* 
and whose ears were open to the prayers which daily ascend¬ 
ed to Him in behalf of a country which He had crowned with 
His choicest blessings and largest privileges, they stood firm 
against all the machinations, allurements and deceptions with 
which they were beset, and ballot answered to bullet and 
bayonet in proclaiming that the Rebellion should perish—the 
Country should live, and Liberty and Union, now, if never 
before, in reality one and inseparable, should be emblazoned 
in letters of living light upon that thrice-honored flag which 


ADDRESS. 


11 


floated above the conflict, and should float above the glorious 
victory “ with not one stripe erased, and not one star ex¬ 
tinguished.” 

The popular determination sounded the knell of the Re¬ 
bellion, and sealed its fate. Thenceforth, the hideous ser¬ 
pent writhed in the agonies of slow, but certain dissolution 
Abroad, its subdolous accessories, trembling before the ma¬ 
jestic attitude of the loyal people of the United States, began 
with the same selfishness which prompted their first hearty 
encouragement, to deal coldly with the banded traitors. At 
home, the rebels themselves rushed into acts of convulsive 
desperation, which, like the death-flurries of the great ocean 
leviathan, only showed that its expiring hour was indeed at 
hand. Hood, marching upon and beleaguering Nashville, 
was beaten and driven all broken back by the indomitable 
Thomas. Sherman found no foeman worthy of his steel in 
all his long march from mountain to ocean, and over the 
territory of three great States—the very cradle and heart of 
the insurrection. Lee, almost suflbcated by the stricture of 
his stubborn besieger, sought vent and breathing space by a 
last furious efibrt to break Grant’s lines, and sent flying back 
into his entrenchments, sullenly awaited there the approaching 
hour of his final overthrow. Sheridan, having cleared the 
rich prolific valley of the Cumberland and Shenandoah of 
the rebel hordes who had so often made it the valley of our 
National Humiliation, invading and harassing Maryland and 
Pennsylvania through its wide and open gate, and applying 
the torch of the incendiary to beautiful Chambersburg, which 
they left a monument of their barbarian cruelty and hate, has¬ 
tened to join his confiding chief, and add his sword to the 
shield which Grant, who had so patiently waited like Fabius 
Cunctator, was now ready to advance against, upon and into 
the last reniainingstronghold of the once proud and audacious 
traitors. The hour of doom for the Rebellion had struck 
upon the horologe of fate—Petersburg and Richmond fell— 
Davis and his conspiring councillors—the perjured incum¬ 
bents of a lawless usurpation—fled in wild dismay to exile, 
or the prison, and thence as the legitimate authority may de¬ 
cide—Lee himself surrendered; and rapidly, like the withering 
of the prophet’s gourd, the whole structure of mock Govern- 


12 


ADDRESS. 


ment and sham rule dissolved “ like the baseless fabric of a 
vision, and left not a wreck behind,’’ save the ruin which 
itself had wrought. The shell was crushed, and lo! there 
was nothing in it. The toilsome laborer of four years was 
overthrown, when the appointed moment arrived, in an in¬ 
stant, or as in the twinkling of an eye ; and the world, which 
had looked on amazed at the vast proportions of a Rebellion 
against the best Government on earth, so far transcending in 
extent and power any that history had recorded as having 
been set up against the worst oppression, was still more 
deeply impressed with the swiftness, the suddenness, and the 
completeness of its downfall. On one day, it flputed its black 
dag with bold insolence, and seemed as though it might 
stand against a world in arms”—the next, a helpless hulk, 
stranded on the beach of its enormous crime, it was the unre¬ 
sisting prey of every devouring insect. As perjury, treason 
and cruelty marked its beginning, rapine, arson and pusillan¬ 
imity, characterized its close. Died the great Rebellion—the 
transcendant felony of the nineteenth century, as a dog dieth: 

so perish all thine enemies,” 0, my country, and, is it not 
permissible to say in view of the nature of its offence? 0, 
my God! for was it not alike a crime against God and hu¬ 
manity ? The insurgents essayed to fell the tree of Liberty 
which had been planted in this land by the men of ’76, and 
had struck its roots broad and deep in the soil, and lifted its 
mighty trunk and wide-spreading branches high into the 
air, until oppressed humanity in all the world sought refuge 
under its shade, or took coarage from the sight to strike a 
blow for their inalienable rights. 

“ Our enemies have fallen, have fallen : the}' came 
The woodmen with their axes: lo, the tree ! 

“ Our enemies have fallen, have fallen : they struck ; 

With their own blows they hurt themselves, nor knew* 

There dwelt an iron nature in the grain : 

The glittering axe was broken in their arms, 

Their arms were shattered to the shoulder-blade. 

“ Our enemies have fallen, but this shall grow' 

A night of summer from the heat, a breadth 
Of autumn, dropping fruits of power ; and rolled 
With music in the growing breeze of Time, 

The tops shall strike from star to star, the fangs 
Shall move the stony bases of the world.” 

Again the heavenly bow of Peace and Promise spans the 


iDDRESS. 


13 


sky of our unbroken national domain—the sounds of con¬ 
flict are no more heard in the land, nor does the tread of 
armed men shake the solid earth, save of the homeward re¬ 
turning defender of the country and the flag. 

“Who leaves the camp and tented field, 

Where long he’d been a lodger, 

His humble knapsack a’ his wealth, 

A poor and honest sodger !” 

And, oh ! ye noble, valiant and true men, who have borne 
the heat and burden of this terrible day, how shall I fitly 
discharge myself of the obligations of honor and gratitude 
which binds my soul this day ? I stand abashed in your 
presence, when I think of what you have endured and suf¬ 
fered—dared and done—while I sat safe and useless at home, 
to reap the harvest of your achievements. Under this beau¬ 
tiful summer sky—amid these fertile fields, and beneath the 
whispering leaves of this sheltering grove—in the enjoyment 
of the blessings of a bountiful Providence—with homes of 
comfort—families of the dear, and precious and beloved 
ones, knit most closely to our hearts, with-the abundant pro¬ 
visions of nature—possessed of all those social and political 
privileges, which the means of mental culture, personal 
freedom, and the opportunities of moral improvement and 
religious instruction enhance or confer, we have met to cele¬ 
brate the noble deeds of our fathers in obtaining, and of our 
brethren in preserving to us those inalienable rights, which 
were so clearly defined and boldly demanded on the Fourth 
of July, 1776. We have you too again among us, after the 
storm of a four years’ war has passed; and the glad blue 
sky and golden sun, no longer inflamed with martial wrath 
and menace, shine brightly upon us. Welcome—thrice wel¬ 
come to neighbors and friends, who hail your return with 
rejoicing—to homes, where the eye of affection brightens at 
your coming. We thank you here with heartfelt sincerity 
for all that you have done for the Country, the Constitution 
and the Union. Anxiously have those who are linked with 
you by the ties of blood and friendship,. thought of you 
when you were in the tent, on guard or picket, or the san¬ 
guinary battle-field. Many an aspiration and prayer has 
ascended for your safety. Earnest petitions have gone up to 
the throne of grace for your return. Companions have fallen 


14 


ADDRESS. 


by your side—the children by their death have saved dear 
father-land ! unmarked graves, it may be, on soil then hos¬ 
tile, now, thanks to you and the God who protected you ! 
part of our common country, contain their remains; though 
some may have come back, not as they went, in the flush 
and pride of manhood, but pale, cold clay, the subjects of 
death, and lie among their kindred, in familiar church-yards, 
to which they were attended by mourning parents, wives or 
children, while religion added her solemn and consoling offi¬ 
ces to their interment. Ah! there are desolate hearts and 
bereaved households left by this cruel war; but the sin rests 
upon the heads of the wicked traitors, who, in the effort to 
stab the life of their Country, murdered their brethren, whose 
blood poured forth like that of righteous Abel, cries aloud 
from the ground to the Lord, who has fixed a mark upon the 
brow of every Cain, which condemns him to infamy forever! 
But for you, 0! patriotic survivors of this bloody contest, 
remain gratitude, love, appreciation and enduring honor in 
every loyal heart. You have earned every tribute and ac¬ 
knowledgment which 3 ^our fellow-citizens can bestow. With¬ 
out you, we should have had no country. It is your highest 
glory and richest reward, that your stout hearts and strong 
arms have rescued it from the assaults of rebels and the plots 
of traitors, and preserved it for yourselves and ourselves— 
your children and our children—in all successive genera¬ 
tions, to be a free, a happy and a powerful nation, safe alike 
from the insurrection of domestic traitors, and the secret 
intrigue or open force of alien enemies. In all time to come 
it will be your pride, and the pride of your descendants, that 
you formed one of that great patriotic array which suppress¬ 
ed the causeless, and cruel as causeless, rebellion of these 
four years against the Union and Constitution of this, your 
Country, and restored it to your fellow-citizens, with no stain 
of dishonor on its fair escutcheon, and no blot or blur of 
disgrace upon that great gonfalon of freedom, which you 
bore in triumph, through the carnage and smoke of battle, 
and planted on the bright summit of victory. This is the 
true glory of the patriotic American citizen—that at the call 
of his country he took up arms in her defence, and at her 
command, he laid them down with triumph assured and 


ADDRESS. ' 


15 


accomplished, and returned again to mingle with the great 
body of the people, in the industrious pursuit of the employ¬ 
ments of peace. Thus we welcome you again among us, 
our superiors by all, indeed, that you have done in our be¬ 
half, but still our brothers and equals in all of national 
authority and privilege that you have preserved for us. 
After the bullet, the ballot, which has even a superior power 
and significance, remains to you, and we invite you to exer¬ 
cise it with us, for the consolidation of our rescued institu¬ 
tions on the broad and enduring foundations of Liberty, 
Justice and equal rights, and to the confusion of all their 
enemies, who openly contended, or secretly assisted and 
sympathised, to bring about the dismemberment of the 
nation, and the overthrow of our system of Government. 
Let the disloyalist and the traitor now render his account at 
the bar of the sovereign people, and abide their judgment! 

And as for us, fellow-citizens! who now regard with such 
admiration and gratitude these generous and intrepid men, 
who have fought our battle and gained for us the prize of 
victory and peace, let us cherish ever the emotions which 
animate us this day. They are no hireling soldiery, who 
sold themselves to support a tyrant’s power, or contend in a 
merely mercenary and gladiatorial conflict. They are the 
heroes of a fierce and desperate strife to drive back the per¬ 
jured traitors from the capital, and preserve all that we esteem 
most valuable as citizens and freemen. Nor is arms-bearing 
the American Union soldier’s profession; but having fought 
in the National cause, he rejoices again to return to his ordi¬ 
nary occupations, to exchange the uniform for civil dress, 
the musket for the plough, and the sword for the scythe, and 
of him we may say most emphatically, and accept the words 
of exhortation of Scotland’s ploughman bard: 

“ For gold the merchant ploughs the main, 

The farmer ploughs the manor; 

But glory is the sodgeFs prize ; 

The sodger’s wealth is honor. 

The hrave, poor sodger ne’er despise, 

Nor count him as a stranger, 

Kemember, he’s his country’s stay 
In day and hour of danger. 

And may every young man who has done his gallant 
devoir in this war for Freedom and Union, returning home. 


16 


ADDRESS. 


find his ain dear maid’’ as kind and faithful as Burns’ 
soldier found his Nancy, and meet the same reward of true 
lovers from her hand and heart, as he once more suns him¬ 
self in 

“the witching smile, 

That caught his youthful fancy.” 

Here, fellow citizens! I probably ought to consider the 
task which you have assigned to me as accomplished, and 
relieve you from further attention to my discourse. But have 
we taken into view the great underlying principles which de¬ 
serve amplest recognition and reflection on this anniversary 
of onr national birth ? At the close of a fierce and desolating 
war, which threatened at one time to shipwreck the vessel of 
State, and plunge us into the raging ocean of anarchy, or be¬ 
neath the sluggish pool of despotism, or strand us on the 
sands of national disruption and disgrace—the scoff and hiss¬ 
ing of the world! and when Peace returns, with Liberty, 
Constitution and Country all secure, shall we merely pass the 
events of the four years of agony and conflict in retrospect— 
congratulate each other on results, and learn no lesson of 
wisdom to guide our future career, nor. eliminate the great 
truths which made the contest noble, and justified in their 
vindication all the expenditure of toil, and treasure, and pre¬ 
cious human blood which has been made? When our 
fathers, eighty-nine years ago, determined that it was neces¬ 
sary for them to “ dissolve the political bands which had 
connected them” with Great Britain, and to assume among 
the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to 
which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitled them,” 
they admitted that a decent respect of the opinions of man¬ 
kind required that they should declare the causes which im¬ 
pelled them to the separation.” Therefore it was that they 
put forth that immortal Declaration of Independence, which 
startled the ruling classes of the nations, and has, like leaven, 
been working in and through the human mind, until its great 
verities and living principles have burst the chains of the op¬ 
pressor—overthrown thrones and dynasties—raised the 
trampled millions from serfdom and slavery to possession of 
their own persons, and to some participation in political 
affairs, and mus,t work on by an irresistible law of morals. 


ADDRESS. 


17 


until every yoke shall be broken, and man every where shall 
be free. War is always a heavy curse, and unless justified 
by its motive and purpose, and b;f< an overruling necessity, 
is also an enormous crime. How do we vindicate our cause 
in the late dreadful conflict ? We stood up, not in aggres¬ 
sion, but defence, for Country, Union, Liberty and our in¬ 
heritance, bequeathed to us by the fathers, in trust, to be 
handed down entire to our posterity. True—and it was a 
noble and justifiable resistance which we made to treason, 
even on those grounds. We cannot, however, fail to see that 
there was in it a certain taint or tinge of selfishness, which 
detracted from its absolute worth, and excluded it from the 
sympathies of humanity in its broadest sphere. For us it 
was all-sufficient, but it did not embrace a principle as wide 
and comprehensive as the world. We were, however, though 
blindly and unconsciously at first, working out a problem 
whose terms were as extensive as all the interests of man, 
and which had been announced by our Revolutionary 
fathers, in that same immortal instrument in which they had 
set forth the justification of their own conduct. Through the 
long vista of intermediate years, solemnly sounds the music 
of that majestic key-note which unlocks the harmonies ot 
iTumanity: ‘‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that 
all men are created equal; that they are endowed with cer¬ 
tain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and 
the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, govern¬ 
ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
from the consent of the governed.’’ In order to clearly com¬ 
prehend the meaning of the authors of this sentiment, which 
has been greatly obscured and perverted by false glosses and 
misinterpretations, I quote to you here, from the eloquent 
and impressive preamble to the statute of Pennsylvania for 
the gradual abolition of slavery, passed on the 1st day of 
March, 1780—less than four [years after the Declaration of 
Independence, while the Revolutionary struggle was yet un¬ 
decided, and at the instance—if I mistake not, in the very 
words of Benjamin Franklin, whose name is subscribed to 
the Declaration, certain expressions which clearly indicate 
what was then understood to be the scope and meaning of 
the great charter of our liberties: When we contemplate 


18 


ADDRESS. 


our abhorrence of that condition, to which the arms and ty¬ 
ranny of Great Britain were exerted to reduce us, when we 
look back on the variety of dangers to which we have been 
exposed, and how miraculously our wants in many instances 
have been supplied, and our deliverances wrought, when 
even hope and human fortitude have become unequal to the 
conflict, we are unavoidably led to a serious and grateful 
sense of the manifold blessings which we have undeservedly 
received from the hand of that Being, from whom every good 
and perfect gift cometh. Impressed with these ideas, we con¬ 
ceive that it is our duty, and we rejoice that it is in our power 
to extend a portion of that freedom to others, which hath 
been extended to us, and release them from that state of thral¬ 
dom to which we ourselves were tyrannically doomed, and 
from which we have now every prospect of being delivered. 
It is not for us to inquire why, in the creation of niankind, 
the inhabitants of the several parts of the earth were distin¬ 
guished by a difference in feature or complexion. It is suffi¬ 
cient to know that they are all the work of an Almighty 
hand. We find in the distribution of the human species, 
that the most fertile as well as the most barren parts of the 
earth are inhabited by men of complexions different from 
ours, and from each other; from whence we may reasonably, 
as well as religiously, infer that He who placed them in their 
various situations, hath extended equally his care and pro¬ 
tection to all, and that it becometh us not to counteract his 
mercies. We esteem it a peculiar blessing granted to us that 
we are enabled this day to add one more step to universal 
civilization, by removing, as much as possible, the sorrows 
of those who have lived in underserved bondage, and from 
which, by the assumed authority of the Kings of Great Bri¬ 
tain, no effectual legal relief could be obtained. Weaned by 
a long course of experience from those narrow prejudices and 
partialities we had imbibed, we find our hearts en¬ 
larged with kindness and benevolence towards men of all 
conditions and nations; and we conceive ourselves at this 
particular period extraordinarily called upon by the bless¬ 
ings which we have received, to manifest the sincerity 
of our profession, and to give a substantial proof bf our grat¬ 
itude.’’ 


ADDRESS. 


19 


These are weighty words, and have the real Revolutionary 
iiavor. They are not my words, fellow-citizens, but those ofyour 
Pennsylvania fathers. They express their feelings and convic¬ 
tions after a four years’struggle to achieve their Indedendence; 
has our experience of an equal term of strife and contest to 
maintain that independence and union, made a similar impres¬ 
sion on our hearts, and have we too been weaned by our 
long course of experience, from those narrow prejudices and 
partialities we had imbibed ?” Here is the best, the contem¬ 
porary comment and interpretation of the glorious text of the 
Declaration of Independence. And as they of Pennsylva¬ 
nia, so all the conscript fathers of the Revolutionary period 
thought. The letters of Washington, the writings of Jeffer¬ 
son, the declarations of Patrick Henry and George Mason, 
are full of condemnations of the principles and spirit of 
slavery, and of aspirations for its abolition. The very word, 
slavery, was studiously excluded from the Constitution of 
the United States, as James Madison tells us, because its 
authors were unwilling to recognize the system, and expect¬ 
ed its early, if gradual extinction. Their statesmanlike 
sagacity, enlightened by the logical results which Pennsyl¬ 
vania accepted from the Revolution, taught them both the 
inconsistency of slavery with free institutions, and that it 
was the great element of weakness and distraction in our 
Republican form of Government. It was not until they had 
passed from the stage of action, that the men of another 
generation, debauched by merely economical considerations, 
introduced the shambling and degenerate figure of Com¬ 
promise, legitimate offspring of Mammon, the least erect 
spirit that fell,” into our public councils; and base expe¬ 
diency usurped the place of vital and eternal principle. Great 
and good men, and pure patriots, whose names “ the world 
will not willingly let die,” encouraged this course of action 
out of their transcendent love for the Union, whose pre¬ 
servation, they apprehended, was dependent on its adoption. 
Their hopes, however, were disappointed—every concession 
led on the grasping disposition and wicked ambition of the 
slave oligarchy to still further exactions. Slavery itself 
spurned the bounds of its habitation, and demanded the 
whole unbounded continent” for its posses^^ion, especially 


20 


ADDRESS. 


claiming the right to appropriate and monopolize the virgin 
soil of the Territories as its own. At last, the conscience 
and moral sense of the American people, so long lulled and 
drugged by palliatives and opiates, began to stir with a new 
vitality. The ominous sounds, ^‘irreconcilable conflict,” 
proceeding from central New York, and “I believe that this 
Government cannot endure permanently, half slave and 
half free,” sweeping across the broad prairies of Illinois, 
brought consternation to the timid and provoked the fiercest 
denunciations of the lords of the coflle and the lash, who 
ruled in our national councils, and their abject satellites who, 
Esau-like, had sold their birthright for a mess of pottage, 
and after the fashion of Dugald Dalgetty, rendered service to 
their masters for “ pay and pro vend.” But the day of the 
emancipation of the ideas and felt obligations of the Revolu¬ 
tionary age from their base subjection to temporary make¬ 
shifts and vile compliances, had fully come. At last, the 
ballot spoke out its authentic judgment, and declared with 
power to slavery, as the line of its toleration was drawn out¬ 
side of the Territories, “thus far shalt thou come and no 
further, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed.” 

Then, indeed, one long, loud howl arose from all the re¬ 
cesses of its Pandemonium, and “gave signs of woe that all 
was lost.” Animated by the same demoniac spirit that would 
“ rather reign in hell than serve in heaven,” the leaders of the 
great conspiracy against freedom and the labor of free white 
men, cast off their professed allegiance to the Constitution— 
repudiated the cardinal Democratic doctrine that “the major¬ 
ity must rule,” and lighted the torch of treason through all 
the Southern land, having prepared themselves for the event 
which their guilty consciousness had anticipated, by robbing 
the Government which they at once controlled and betrayed, 
of the means and munitions of war, and taking upon their 
souls the guilt of perjury without the sign of compunction. 
They took up the sword—they have perished by the sword. 
For four years they waged their unrelenting warfare, with the 
cruelty and murderous spirit of incarnate fiends, and for a 
while they seemed to prosper, until a new character appeared 
on the stage of action, and a new principle was introduced 
into the controversy. Who does not remember the loud, 


ADDRESS. 


21 


concerted shout which rent the air from the opposers of the 
Government, when first the colored man was invited to take 
up arms in defence of a country which, while it exacted from 
him its taxes, denied him the right of citizenship ? Here, 
indeed, was an odious thing, that the black-skinned African 
should be permitted with “ villainous saltpetre” to slay the 
blue-blooded chivalry of the South, who were slaughtering 
our brothers by thousands, and in cold blood starving them 
to death in their prison-pens! And yet how soon when the 
hateful draft came, the warmest sympathiser with these 
worthy “ Southern brethren,” rushed to procure a negro sub¬ 
stitute to render the personal service which he owed to a 
country, which not only protected his person and his prop¬ 
erty, but clothed him with all the franchises and immunities 
of citizenship ! And so the black man, who could not be 
trusted with the ballot, was sent forth, armed with the deadly 
bullet, to fight side by side with his Caucasian superior, for 
a nation in which he had no part as a constituent, but also to 
bring relief to his own race, who were ‘Hiving in undeserved 
bondage.” And then too came the Proclamation of Eman¬ 
cipation, which struck the chains from the limbs of four mil¬ 
lions of human beings, and elevated them at least to the rank 
of men and women, no longer chattels and animals of the 
draft and for burden. The good President had pondered 
his course of duty in this behalf—slowly, too slowly, as it 
appeared to many; while the fate of the country hung bal¬ 
anced, and gloom and doubt covered all the sky, did he lin¬ 
ger and seem to hesitate; but right on the check, which 
ought to have been the annihilation of Lee at Antietam, 
came the warning signal—the last concession of a diespeni- 
tentioe to the insurgents—given because he, Abraham Lincoln, 
“had made a solemn vow before God, that if General Lee 
was driven back from Pennsylvania, he would crown the 
result by the declaration of freedom to the slaves.” Aye! 
Pennsylvania in 1780 , while the war of Independence was 
yet undetermined, passed her statute of emancipation, with 
its sublime preamble of glorious and eternal truths, and the 
rescue of Pennsylvania from the tramp of minions of 
slavery in 1862 , brought to the Southern slaves in the rice- 
swamps, the cotton field and the sugar mill, the “ glad tidings 


22 


ADDRESS. 


of great joy” which made them free of the chain, the collar 
and the lash, and gave them themselves—husbands and 
wives, and children—the institution of marriage—the access 
to means of education—permission to learn to read the 
sacred scriptures, and treedom to worship God! The great 
bond of moral obligation was cancelled, and thenceforth the 
national arms went on, conquering and to conquer” until 
every stronghold of treason was overcome, and the rebellion, 
with its inducement and cause, lay prone and submissive 
at the foot of the national authority, which it had so proudly 
spurned and resisted unto blood. Thus it was that slavery 
destroyed itself by removing from the protection of the Con¬ 
stitution, and forfeiting by felony all its anomalous privileges; 
and the Union, which Compromise could not save, rose tri¬ 
umphant from the fiery ordeal of war, with its enemies pros- 
trateJjeneath its power, and freedom everywhere established 
as the right and inheritance of all men, wherever the flag of 
the United States spreads its folds to the breeze, and their 
Constitution extends its aegis to ‘^secure the blessings of 
liberty to ourselves and our prosterity.” 

There was yet one more arrow, tipped with double venom, 
left in the quiver of slavery and treason. All their other 
resources were exhausted, but assassination still remained. 
The same fell spirit, which aimed the dagger at the life of 
the nation, directed the bullet to the brain of Lincoln; for 
the poet of human nature—the ‘‘myriad-minded” Shak- 
speare, who was “ not one, but all mankind’s epitome,” pro¬ 
claimed the truth nearly three hundred years ago, that 

“ Treason and murder ever kept together, 

As two yoke-devils sworn to cither’s purpose.” 

At the very moment when the kindly-hearted and benig¬ 
nant President began to feel the pressure of his long anxiety 
lightening, and to rejoice in the ixear return of Peace to a rent 
and agonized nation—when, “ with malice towards none? 
with charity to all,” his thoughts were turned to the task of 
healing the wounds of the countrj^, and his heart stirred 
with relentings and forgiveness even to her enemies, the twin 
demons struck their last and fatal blow, and the President 
was laid low in death by the hired assassin’s hand. At once 
the bells which were ringing out through all the land the 


ADDRESS. 


23 


jubilant peals of victory, tolled heavily a mournful knell. 
Over all the nation, and echoed by the civilized world, from 
every honest and generous heart, went up a cry of lamenta¬ 
tion as for a personal bereavement; for Abraham Lincoln, by 
his unaffected simplicity, genuine goodness, and a certain 
home-tone which struck the key-note of popular feeling, had 
brought him very close to the most intimate, as well as 
tender feelings of individual citizens. He was indeed a man 
of, and for the people—one of that peculiar type of men of 
whom this country has had many—the self-educated and 
self-made, who have not been indebted to origin, connex¬ 
ions, influence, or the schools which so often overlay a barren 
native soil with culture, which cannot enrich it, for promo¬ 
tion and distinction, but have wrought them out by hard and 
steady blows, struck with inborn energy, and bringing forth 
the latent fires of the mental endowments which were 
divinely conferred upon them. To these were added those 
moral qualities and religious impressions which led him on 
to look up and out of himself, to the only safe resort for 
counsel and wisdom, and regulated his conduct by a reverent 
reference to the dictates of conscience and duty. That last 
inaugural address, how rich it is with the flavor of deep piety 
and anxious consultation of the Divine oracles! It stands 
unique, in its brevity, simplicity and devout spirit, among state 
papers. When I first read it, I was conscious of a singular 
impression—it was so unlike any thing of that kind I had 
ever read before, and I mentally asked: What can these things 
mean ? I thought the question was answered and the mystery 
solved when the assassination was consummated—the flags 
draped in mourning, and the churches hung with black! 

“ Coming events had cast their shadows before 

and the presentiment of death and eternity was forecast upon 
Mr. Lincoln’s mind when he wrote that document, which has 
arrested attention and compelled admiration wherever the 
English language is the mother tongue. It is not my pro¬ 
vince to eulogize the character, the conduct, or the memory of 
the deceased President. Able and eloquent pens and voices 
have done that. He has joined the noble army of martyrs 
for justice, humanity and freedom. 



ADDRESS. 


24 

% 

“ After life’s fitful fever he sleeps well; 

Treason has done his worst: nor steel, nor poison, 

Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing 
Can touch him further !” 

In the bosom of the green prairies of the mighty West— 
the seat and centre of the Continental Empire of American 
liberty, he “ lies in his grave.” 

“ Such graves as his are pilgrim shrines \ 

Shrines to no race or creed confin’d— 

The Delphian vales, the Palestines, 

The Meccas of the mind.” 

It was his illustrious privilege to break the yoke of a long- 
oppressed and unjustly suffering race of his fellow men, whose 
blessings have followed him up to heaven as sweet incense, 
and God will receive his servant who did not forget to relieve 
his ‘‘ little ones.” 

At this point I leave themes so full of suggestion that I 
have been betrayed far beyond my first intent, and the pro¬ 
prieties which belong to the occasion; and still I have not 
exhausted any subject, nor touched on many most worthy of 
consideration. Again your country and its destinies are 
returned to your hands, people of America! to be disposed of 
as you shall determine. Here Freedom erects her pharos, 
whose light, dimmed by scarcely a speck of remaining 
oppression, shines out to the nations of the earth, to direct 
them into the harbor of Liberty. May it ever remain the 
great friend and protector of humanity. 

“ And mix the seasons and the golden hours, 

’Till each man finds his own in all men’s good. 

And all men work in noble brotherhood, 

Breaking their mailed fleets and armed towers, 

And ruling by obeying Nature’s powers. 

And gathering all the fruits of peace and crowned with all her flowers!” 


MB -1 7.8 




A 


t 




I 









a I 



























c ^ 




.0' o -o. * ^ A ^ , - , 

.0^ A .1^*''^-#‘ C.o'^ ‘ 



o K 

° ‘ 

/ \ *.- 
^ J> > V^ 

• >„ -ii,. ..<' 


>-v 

- x*^' 






:^mi 

* aV . 






... •<> "'••'• .& 



/ .•^ 


^ o ° " ® ♦ <5^ 


y' .® 





t ' • 

♦ O 


K ,' A o 


- -o A .- 


4 

^ (-0 i* 

^ rr. ^ ^ ♦ ' 

: -^^0^ 



r 


A x-^ 


A® '^. 

- V 


A'" ^ 




XT' ♦ 

: - 


0" 


0^ o 'o.»- A -75^ 

•» o 







r . 


® ♦ 




<^ *»,» ^ 
O. .0^ R '' * «* 





«5 

A 




0' 




»* ' £^1^?’ " c.’’ ”j^ »W/'SS^W • < 

^ ♦ A.<S .o"^ .. ^ ". ^o ,4> « 




<^ * 

o < 

\y 

v' c^j 




. 



-fU-o^ 


C°\‘ 





°, 4.'' < 

’ -i^ >'< 


-OV^' 




^v 40^ A , 

® /^^lUiiiDi^v. ,• t ° ) 









• xV-*^ 


/• V 

' ® • 

» - '^- ■ -» • ,j;5^ 

j* ' ''S5^\n'^«' ’7’. 






,0^ 




m- :< 

^ Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. !,' 


■ *- o c\"’ agent: Magnesium Oxide 

® " Treatment Date: May 2010 

aO «‘ir « , 


' \- •>>.% PreservationTechnologies %- 

’’ vP *5 • A WORLD LEADER IN cni 1 FPTinuc oorenrn,im-r.^.. 


•» 


A 


A WORLD LEADER IN COLLECTIONS PRESERVATION 
111 Thomson Park Drive 
Cranberry Township, PA 16066 , ., \ 

(724) 779-2111 

. s r.r k > 





i' . > • o- *> v' ^ »o 

^rv >* 



• ^ ^ ^ •,KfN55:^v-k‘' ^ 








Ac 




V 

4 ^ S ^ • 

-i^,-. ...y .v^-- s^^-. 







% 



cv 

<<r 

V <0' ^'••o^- \> 





> > V^ s‘/*' 



* •* ^ 



♦ ^ o^ 

,..*< .V-Sltti-. ..^.•, %/ ••^-. ’lio 



r>'' ^ ^ ■»* 





< V ^ * o « O 

^ v' aO 

> "'o,*'* A -G^ 

^A d^ •*''•♦ o ® “ ® ♦ ^ 

^ cr .CW- ^ 





.-to*. 



■o^°" ... V'"’‘’X- 




o'^ 

\v , , . Ap ^ - - a'^ 

v^ <^ .0^ 

' *■ - 




* ■4^ ' 





A'f'^ A^->U 

r* AP OV^^W** /iV • 

► ^o • * • A <r “^/TTr^ d^ ^ <> ' • * 

^ OOBBS BROS. -0 sy- ■< 

C '•••"A"^ binoino , ^0' • '* ^ t» I ^ 0^ 


? • X O 
> . A •*' 


4' J L’.N 1 9 7 7».* / -3vi«s^ . ,r . 

4°^ Sl^OUSTINE,-..’ .^■«- VjP'^ "^ ‘‘^•’ 



A ■ 

32084 ^ 

-4? 



o. 




























